The D86 Distillation method is a measure of fuel volatility. The appropriate volatility range will assure maximum power output and fuel economy. This method is appropriate for diesel, diesel blends, gasoline, and gasoline blends.

The D93 Flash Point method reports the temperature at which ignitable vapors are produced and is a requirement for safe fuel storage and handling. This method can also be an indirect measure of fuel contamination, i.e. gasoline in diesel.

The D445 Kinematic Viscosity method determines the viscosity of the fuel. Fuel that is too low or too high in viscosity will not inject or atomize properly in the cylinder. This can affect fuel economy and possibly cause excessive engine wear over time.

The D1160 Vacuum Distillation method is suitable for giving the boiling point range of biodiesel. Biodiesel has a very narrow boiling point range, and this method assures that no high boiling adulterants such as unprocessed fats or oils are present. The D86 method is more appropriate for diesel and diesel blends.

The D4052 Density method measures the density of liquids. Standard density measurements are generally taken at 15.6°C and several measures of density can be obtained. Density is the mass per unit volume of fuel and is typically reported as g/mL. Relative Density and Specific Gravity are the same measurement and is the density of the fuel divided by the density of water at the same temperature. This value is unitless. API gravity is a calculated measure of density where low API indicates a high-density fuel and high API indicates a low-density fuel.

The D4052 Density method measures the density of liquids. Standard density measurements are generally taken at 15.6°C and several measures of density can be obtained. Density is the mass per unit volume of fuel and is typically reported as g/mL. Relative Density and Specific Gravity are the same measurement and is the density of the fuel divided by the density of water at the same temperature. This value is unitless. API gravity is a calculated measure of density where low API indicates a high-density fuel and high API indicates a low-density fuel.

The D4052 Density method measures the density of liquids. Standard density measurements are generally taken at 15.6°C and several measures of density can be obtained. Density is the mass per unit volume of fuel and is typically reported as g/mL. Relative Density and Specific Gravity are the same measurement and is the density of the fuel divided by the density of water at the same temperature. This value is unitless. API gravity is a calculated measure of density where low API indicates a high-density fuel and high API indicates a low-density fuel.

The D5191 Vapor Pressure method measures the vapor pressure exerted by liquid fuels and is given as the Dry Vapor Pressure Equivalent (DVPE) which very closely approximates the results obtained by ASTM D4953 Vapor Pressure (Dry Method). This test is most suitable for gasoline and gasoline blends up to 85 % ethanol.

At least 30 mL of sample required with between 20% and 30% headspace.

The D6423 pHe method measures the hydrogen ion activity (pH) of ethanol fuels. The pHe value is a good indication of the corrosion potential of the fuel. This method is not suitable for hydrocarbon oils such as diesel and biodiesel.

The EN 15751 Oxidation Stability method gives a relative measure of fuel stability. The test is commonly used for B100 products but is valid for diesel blends containing at least 2 % biodiesel.